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Screening of Surfactant Foaming Properties Using the Gas‐Sparging Method: Design of an Optimal Protocol
Author(s) -
Bois Rémy,
Hecke Elisabeth,
Pezron Isabelle,
Nesterenko Alla
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1002/jsde.12376
Subject(s) - pulmonary surfactant , chemistry , sparging , foaming agent , critical micelle concentration , chromatography , chemical engineering , sodium dodecyl sulfate , porosity , fractional factorial design , volumetric flow rate , dodecane , volume (thermodynamics) , factorial experiment , micelle , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , aqueous solution , biochemistry , statistics , physics , mathematics , engineering
Foaming properties of five model surfactants, namely, sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), polyoxyethylene 23 lauryl ether (Brij L23), polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), and polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), have been compared as a function of experimental conditions using the gas‐sparging method. The influence of surfactant concentration relative to the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and three process parameters—frit porosity, gas flow rate, and preset volume of foam (or bubbling time)—was studied by means of a 2 4–1 factorial design. Three foaming properties were considered: foam capacity, foam stability, and maximal foam density. At the CMC, SLES, SDS, Tween 20, and Brij L23 were indistinguishable, all having very high foaming capacity and stability, regardless of process conditions. At 0.1 CMC, differences among them were highlighted especially at the lowest frit porosity coupled to the highest gas flow rate. Those conditions are thus recommended when a rapid screening of surfactant foaming performances is needed.