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Synthesis, Surface Activity, and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Hydrogenated Cardanol‐Derived Positively Charged Asymmetric Gemini Surfactants
Author(s) -
Huang Mengen,
Ma Jingyi,
Wu Xunshen,
Zhao Min,
Wang Limin,
Che Fei,
Qian Hui
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1002/jsde.12324
Subject(s) - chemistry , cardanol , pulmonary surfactant , wilhelmy plate , antimicrobial , surface tension , corynebacterium glutamicum , ammonium , critical micelle concentration , nuclear chemistry , organic chemistry , stereochemistry , micelle , aqueous solution , biochemistry , physics , adsorption , quantum mechanics , epoxy , gene
Nine different hydrogenated cardanol‐based quaternary ammonium compounds including one conventional single‐tale single‐head surfactant, one bicephalic single‐tale double‐head surfactant, and seven asymmetric Gemini surfactants were synthetized using a simple process with high yields. Their structures were characterized using 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties were evaluated by the wilhelmy plate method at 25 °C and physical parameters like CMC, γ CMC , π CMC , C 20 , τ CMC , and A min were calculated. The Krafft temperature values of C‐BP‐1, C‐BP‐4, and C‐BP‐6 are lower than 0 °C, suggesting high‐potential industrial application. All synthesized compounds but C‐BP‐F exhibit great antimicrobial ability against Gram‐positive bacteria ( S. aureus [ATCC 25923] and C. glutamicum [ATCC 13032]) while inadequate antimicrobial ability against Gram negative strains ( E. coli [ATCC 25922] and P. aeruginosa [ATCC 27853] ).