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Effects of Molecular Structure and Temperature on Micellization of Cationic Ammonium Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
Author(s) -
Luo Siqi,
Jiang Nan,
Wang Yilin
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1002/jsde.12271
Subject(s) - chemistry , enthalpy , alkyl , isothermal microcalorimetry , micelle , critical micelle concentration , thermodynamics of micellization , aqueous solution , exothermic reaction , cationic polymerization , isothermal titration calorimetry , ether , standard enthalpy of formation , conductometry , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , thermodynamics , physics
Micellization of four cationic quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants, having a diethyl ether or hexyl spacer with the alkyl chain lengths of 12 and 16 carbon atoms, was studied using isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC) and electrical conductivity measurements in the temperature range from 298.15 to 313.15 K. In this temperature range, where surfactants are normally applied, the temperature almost does not influence the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the degree of micelle ionization ( α ) values of the gemini surfactants, and the replacement of a hexyl spacer by a diethyl ether spacer leads to a slight decrease in the CMC and α values. However, as the alkyl chain length increases from 12 to 16 carbon atoms, the CMC values significantly decrease from 0.99–1.19 mM to 0.020–0.057 mM. In particular, the enthalpy of micellization ( Δ H mic ) and the associated thermodynamic parameters show obvious changes with varying temperature and molecular structure. Δ H mic becomes much more exothermic at higher temperature or for the surfactants with a more hydrophilic spacer. Moreover, the heat capacity change of micellization ( Δ C P , mic ) is less exothermic for the surfactants with a more hydrophilic spacer or a longer alkyl chain. The enthalpy–entropy compensation data show that the surfactants with longer alkyl chains have a more stable micellar structure.