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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Sulfonate Gemini Surfactants
Author(s) -
Zhou Ming,
Chen Yiping,
Zou Jiaxi,
Bu Juncheng
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of surfactants and detergents
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.349
H-Index - 48
eISSN - 1558-9293
pISSN - 1097-3958
DOI - 10.1002/jsde.12046
Subject(s) - chemistry , pulmonary surfactant , sulfonate , critical micelle concentration , monomer , solubility , micelle , polymer chemistry , covalent bond , chemical engineering , ionic bonding , organic chemistry , aqueous solution , polymer , ion , sodium , biochemistry , engineering
Sulfonated Gemini surfactants are a relatively new class of anion surfactants, composed of 2 or more sulfonated surfactant monomers connected by a spacer at or near the head groups through a covalent bond. In general, the sulfonated Gemini surfactants show better properties compared to conventional anionic surfactants including better surface activity, a lower critical micelle concentration, enhanced detergency, excellent compatibility with other surfactants, and better solubility in high ionic strength systems. This article reviews the synthesis of the sulfonated Gemini surfactants using different raw materials. Based on the existing information in the literature, new ideas are proposed for the synthesis and application of the sulfonated Gemini surfactants.