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In vivo Raman spectroscopy of breast tumors prephotodynamic and postphotodynamic therapy
Author(s) -
Bhattacharjee Tanmoy,
Fontana Leticia C.,
Raniero Leandro,
FerreiraStrixino Juliana
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of raman spectroscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.748
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1097-4555
pISSN - 0377-0486
DOI - 10.1002/jrs.5360
Subject(s) - in vivo , breast cancer , raman spectroscopy , medicine , oncology , cancer , principal component analysis , nucleic acid , chemistry , biology , computer science , artificial intelligence , microbiology and biotechnology , optics , biochemistry , physics
Breast cancer is most fatal cancer among women worldwide. The high mortality can be attributed to late detection and low treatment efficacy. Treatment is difficult owing to the multitude of breast cancer subtypes and making decisions on therapeutic strategy difficult. A tool to predict treatment prognosis may greatly aid this decision making. Currently available prediction methods have low accuracy in addition to several other disadvantages. Of the several new techniques being investigated for prognosis prediction, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has the advantage of high sensitivity, rapidity, and amenability to in vivo applications, making it ideal for clinical translation. In this study, we have evaluated the biochemical changes posttherapy with respect to pretherapy using RS. In vivo Raman spectra acquired from live rat breast tumors (skin removed) without treatment, 24 hr postphotosensitizer injection and 24 hr after photodynamic therapy, were analyzed using multivariate principal component—linear discriminant analysis. Relative increase in some spectral signatures associated with nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins, especially collagen, were observed posttherapy; and pretherapy and posttherapy spectra could be classified with 100% efficiency. The ability of RS to detect these changes suggests possibility of deciphering spectral markers for prognostic applications in future.