Titanium doping of BiFeO 3 ceramics and identification of minor phases by Raman spectroscopy

Titanium substitution can improve the multiferroic properties of bismuth ferrite materials, albeit the structural changes that this dopant produces in the perovskite structure of BiFeO 3 are still not well understood. Due to its high sensitivity, Raman spectroscopy can be a useful tool for trailing the dopant incorporation. In this work, we study the Raman spectra of undoped and Ti 4+ ‐doped BiFeO 3 ceramics that also contain small amounts of secondary phases – as it is usual for materials of this system. The micro‐Raman study together with a rigorous derivative analysis of the experimental Raman spectra recorded at low temperature (73 K) enables, for the first time, the identification of the Raman bands associated with the BiFeO 3 phase together with those belonging to the minor secondary phases. The comparison between the Raman spectra of the undoped and the Ti 4+ ‐doped materials indicates that some of the titanium added to the composition interacts with the secondary phases while only a partial amount of this dopant actually incorporates into the BiFeO 3 phase. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.