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Trace‐level perchlorate analysis of impacted groundwater by elevated gold ellipse dimer nanoantenna surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Author(s) -
Jubb Aaron M.,
Hatzinger Paul B.,
Gu Baohua
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of raman spectroscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.748
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1097-4555
pISSN - 0377-0486
DOI - 10.1002/jrs.5070
Subject(s) - perchlorate , raman scattering , raman spectroscopy , sulfate , chemistry , dimer , analytical chemistry (journal) , nitrate , detection limit , ion , environmental chemistry , optics , chromatography , physics , organic chemistry
Perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) contamination has received increased attention the past two decades because of health concerns from its impact on thyroid function coupled with its environmental ubiquity and persistence. Here we demonstrate the detection of ClO 4 − below micromolar (<1 × 10 −6 moles l −1 ) levels using a portable Raman instrument integrated with novel elevated gold (Au) ellipse dimer nanoantenna surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) architectures. The ellipse dimer nanoantenna architectures demonstrate improved ClO 4 − detection limits over previously reported SERS substrates while maintaining good reproducibility. The impact of chloride (Cl − ), nitrate (NO 3 − ), and sulfate (SO 4 2− ) interferences on the detection efficiency is systematically evaluated; SO 4 2− is found to exhibit the largest interference effect at low concentrations while at higher ion concentrations the interference effects among ions are similar. Additionally, ClO 4 − concentrations on the order of 1 mg l −1 are determined in groundwaters collected from an US Department of Defense Navy site demonstrating the applicability of these SERS architectures for the rapid, field detection of trace‐level ClO 4 − contamination within complex environmental samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.