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Infant gender‐based differentiation in concentration of milk fats using near infrared Raman spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Ullah Rahat,
Khan Saranjam,
Khan Asifullah,
Saleem Muhammad,
Ali Hina,
Bilal Muhammad,
Ahmed Mushtaq
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of raman spectroscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.748
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1097-4555
pISSN - 0377-0486
DOI - 10.1002/jrs.5047
Subject(s) - raman spectroscopy , principal component analysis , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , zoology , milk fat , spectroscopy , significant difference , food science , biology , chromatography , mathematics , physics , optics , statistics , quantum mechanics , linseed oil
This study demonstrates infant gender‐based differentiation in concentration of milk fats using Raman spectroscopy. In total, 50 buffalo milk samples have been used in this study, out of which 20 have male and 30 have female infant babies. These samples were collected from local farm houses in Islamabad, Pakistan. Raman spectra of milk samples contain peaks/bands at 762, 797, 868–890, 1063–1083, 1126, 1223, 1296, 1439, 1654 and 1744 cm −1 . Significant variation in peaks/bands at 1063–1083, 1296, 1438 and 1654 cm −1 corresponding to concentration of milk fats has been observed between buffalo milk for male and female infants. It shows that a buffalo with female infant produces comparatively high fat milk. The spectral difference has been further highlighted by applying principal component analysis (PCA)‐based algorithm on Raman spectra of the milk samples. It is observed that PCA is able to clearly separate the two sets of classes on the basis of features obtained from the Raman spectra. Additionally, more than 99.5% variance in the data has been explained by only the first five PC components. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.