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Raman spectra of mirabilite, Na 2 SO 4 ·10H 2 O and the rediscovered metastable heptahydrate, Na 2 SO 4 ·7H 2 O
Author(s) -
Hamilton Andrea,
Menzies Robert I.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of raman spectroscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.748
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1097-4555
pISSN - 0377-0486
DOI - 10.1002/jrs.2547
Subject(s) - raman spectroscopy , hydrate , chemistry , metastability , crystallography , anhydrous , salt (chemistry) , water of crystallization , inorganic chemistry , mineralogy , analytical chemistry (journal) , organic chemistry , physics , optics
Salt crystallisation in pores is known to cause serious damage to masonry. Sodium sulphate, often regarded as one of the most damaging salts, has a rich hydrate chemistry including one rediscovered metastable hydrate and a new high pressure octahydrate plus five known polymorphs of the anhydrous phase. The difficulty in working with these hydrates lies in their strong tendency to dehydrate or to convert to the stable phase, in the case of the heptahydrate. We present Raman spectra and a table of peak wavenumbers for randomly oriented crystals of mirabilite and the metastable heptahydrate, sufficient to distinguish between these phases that have SO 4 ν 1 values of 989.3 and 987.6 cm −1 , respectively. Mirabilite has a Raman spectrum very similar to the free sulphate anion in solution, which is probably due to the mobility of oxygen atoms within the sulphate tetrahedron. The oxygen atoms in the heptahydrate sulphate groups have no partial occupancy, and predicted peak splitting is observed in the region 400–1200 cm −1 . Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.