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Barcoding bacterial cells: a SERS‐based methodology for pathogen identification
Author(s) -
Patel I. S.,
Premasiri W. R.,
Moir D. T.,
Ziegler L. D.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of raman spectroscopy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.748
H-Index - 110
eISSN - 1097-4555
pISSN - 0377-0486
DOI - 10.1002/jrs.2064
Subject(s) - principal component analysis , hierarchical clustering , barcode , bacillus cereus , linear discriminant analysis , raman scattering , raman spectroscopy , cereus , reproducibility , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , identification (biology) , cluster analysis , pattern recognition (psychology) , biological system , materials science , chromatography , artificial intelligence , biology , optics , computer science , bacteria , physics , botany , genetics , operating system
A principal component analysis (PCA) based on the sign of the second derivative of the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectrum obtained on in situ grown Au‐cluster‐covered SiO 2 substrates results in improved reproducibility and enhanced specificity for bacterial diagnostics. The barcode‐generated clustering results are systematically compared with those obtained from the corresponding spectral intensities, first derivatives and second derivatives for the SERS spectra of closely related cereus group Bacillus strains. PCA plots and the corresponding hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) dendrograms illustrate the improved bacterial identification resulting from the barcode spectral data reduction. Supervised discriminant function analysis (DFA) plots result in slightly improved group separation but show more susceptibility to false positive classifications than the corresponding PCA contours. In addition, this PCA treatment is used to highlight the enhanced bacterial species specificity observed for SERS as compared to normal bulk (non‐SERS) Raman spectra. The identification algorithm described here is critical for the development of SERS microscopy as a rapid, reagentless and portable diagnostic of bacterial pathogens. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.