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Holocene alluviation and land‐use change on Callaly Moor, Northumberland, England
Author(s) -
Macklin M. G.,
Passmore D. G.,
Stevenson A. C.,
Cowley D. C.,
Edwards D. N.,
O'Brien C. F.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
journal of quaternary science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.142
H-Index - 94
eISSN - 1099-1417
pISSN - 0267-8179
DOI - 10.1002/jqs.3390060305
Subject(s) - alluvium , archaeology , bronze age , geology , bedrock , holocene , prehistory , alluvion , drainage basin , erosion , chronology , geography , geomorphology , cartography
Archaeological survey and palaeoenvironmental investigations in Coe Burn, Callaly Moor, Northumberland, have examined the chronology and nature of prehistoric and historic land‐use change in a small upland river catchment. These studies have revealed an intensively used landscape with evidence of late Neolithic to Bronze Age, medieval and post‐medieval land use and settlement. Two episodes of valley floor alluviation are identified and dated to the middle‐late Bronze Age and post‐medieval periods. Magnetic mineral and geochemical analyses of fine sediments from the older alluvial fill show it to contain a high proportion of topsoil, which is believed to have been produced by soil erosion resulting from Bronze Age tree clearance and cultivation. Deposition of the younger alluvial fill (post AD 1500) was associated with the inwash of relatively unweathered bedrock generated by coal mining in the catchment. It is demonstrated that by integrating archaeological field survey with off‐site palaeoenvironmental investigations a much fuller picture of human activity and land‐use change has emerged than otherwise would have been the case. Studies of this type may be particularly useful in other upland river catchments where archaeological survival is limited or poor.