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Effect of genetic improvement of grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of mid‐season indica rice cultivars
Author(s) -
Liu Lijun,
Xiong Yiwei,
Bian Jinglong,
Zhang Hao,
Gu Junfei,
Wang Zhiqin,
Yang Jianchang
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of plant nutrition and soil science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.644
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1522-2624
pISSN - 1436-8730
DOI - 10.1002/jpln.201400304
Subject(s) - cultivar , agronomy , oryza sativa , nitrogen , nitrate reductase , biology , grain yield , growing season , yield (engineering) , fertilizer , nitrate , chemistry , gene , materials science , ecology , biochemistry , organic chemistry , metallurgy
Genetic improvement (GI) of mid‐season indica rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in China has been experienced four typical plant types during the past several decades, i.e. , early tall cultivars (ET), dwarf cultivars (DC), semi‐dwarf cultivars (SDC) and super rice cultivars (SR). However, little is known about the changes in fertilizer nitrogen (N) efficiency and their relationships with grain yield during the GI. With 12 representative mid‐season indica cultivars of the four types during GI, the effects of GI on grain yield and nitrogen efficiency were investigated. The results show that GI significantly increased grain yield and agronomic efficiency (AE) of N fertilizer but had no significant effect on recovery efficiency (RE) of N fertilizer. The low percentage of filled grains in modern SR limited its yield potential and the further increase in AE. GI decreased the N uptake from heading to maturity, leading to lower RE in modern rice cultivars. The rapid decline of the activities of root oxidation and nitrate reductase in SR during grain filling might be the physiological reasons for the lower percentage of filled grains and lower N uptake from heading to maturity.