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Effectiveness of different soil amendments to reduce the Pb and Zn extractability and plant uptake in soils contaminated by anticorrosion paints beneath pylons
Author(s) -
Brokbartold Marcel,
Grupe Marianne,
Marschner Bernd
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of plant nutrition and soil science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.644
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1522-2624
pISSN - 1436-8730
DOI - 10.1002/jpln.201100198
Subject(s) - shoot , soil water , lime , chemistry , dry weight , dry matter , lolium multiflorum , nutrient , environmental chemistry , soil contamination , agronomy , horticulture , environmental science , metallurgy , biology , soil science , materials science , organic chemistry
Abstract Red lead (Pb 3 O 4 )‐ and ZnO‐containing anticorrosion paints in the past have been extensively applied to high‐voltage steel pylons which has led to heavy metal (HM) soil contaminations in their vicinity. Since pylons are commonly found on agricultural land, there is a potential risk of HM plant uptake. This is promoted by the fact that in contrast to the moderate total Pb contents (several 100 mg kg –1 ) in three nutrient‐poor and acidic pylon soils the Pb amounts extractable with NH 4 NO 3 were extremely high, reaching almost 20% of total Pb. A 18‐week field pot trial (three harvests in a six‐week interval) using Lolium multiflorum was conducted to study the HM plant uptake and the efficiency of the four soil additives, lime (LI), Novaphos (NP), water‐treatment sludge (WS), and ilmenite residue (IR) in reducing the plant uptake and NH 4 NO 3 ‐extractability of Pb and Zn in the soils. Lead concentrations in L. multiflorum shoots grown in the untreated soils reached maximum values of 128 mg (kg dry weight) –1 . Novaphos was most efficient in decreasing shoot Pb (–90%) followed by LI (–78%) and WS (–73%). For Zn, too, LI (–82%), NP, and WS (both –66%) substantially reduced plant uptake. Ilmenite residue was generally only poorly efficient. The dry‐matter yield in the NP, LI, and WS treatments was significantly increased. While the relationship between Pb‐NH 4 NO 3 and Pb‐plant was high when considering the three harvests separately ( R > 0.93) a poor relationship ( R = 0.63) exists over all harvests together. This was attributed to different transpiration rates affecting the HM flux into the plants, since the temperature regime changed greatly during the cultivation period. For Zn, no such close relationship between the NH 4 NO 3 ‐extractable soil fraction and shoot Zn was found, most likely due to antagonistic effects from Mg which greatly varied in the three soils.