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Effect of manganese on the resistance of tomato to Pseudocercospora fuligena
Author(s) -
Heine Gregor,
Max Johannes F. J.,
Führs Hendrik,
MoranPuente Diana W.,
Heintz Dimitri,
Horst Walter J.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of plant nutrition and soil science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.644
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1522-2624
pISSN - 1436-8730
DOI - 10.1002/jpln.201000440
Subject(s) - apoplast , peroxidase , inoculation , biology , blight , plant disease resistance , black spot , manganese , horticulture , leaf spot , botany , fungus , cell wall , chemistry , enzyme , biochemistry , organic chemistry , gene
Black leaf mold caused by Pseudocercospora fuligena is an important fungal disease of tomato in Southeast Asia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the control of this disease using high manganese (Mn) applied to the root substrate and to evaluate the role of the leaf apoplast in plant response to fungal infection. In a nethouse experiment in Thailand, Mn above the optimum for plant growth but below toxicity increased resistance of tomato plants to black leaf mold. Enhanced resistance caused by Mn was also obtained when tomato plants were grown under controlled conditions in a mist chamber and artificially inoculated with the fungus. Manganese significantly increased plant peroxidases in the leaf apoplast. The highest peroxidase activity was measured when plants were inoculated with Pseudocercospora fuligena. Defense‐related proteins in the leaf apoplast increased when plants were inoculated with Pseudocercospora fuligena but not when treated with high Mn. It is concluded that Mn above the optimum level for plant growth can contribute to the control of Pseudocercospora fuligena in tomato. The Mn effect on disease resistance is associated with the activation of plant peroxidases in the leaf apoplast. A systemic response, possibly mediated by NADH peroxidase activity, also seems to trigger disease resistance in leaves with low Mn concentrations.