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Effect of phosphate fertilization on crop yield and soil phosphorus status
Author(s) -
Gallet Anne,
Flisch René,
Ryser JeanPierre,
Frossard Emmanuel,
Sinaj Sokrat
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
journal of plant nutrition and soil science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.644
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1522-2624
pISSN - 1436-8730
DOI - 10.1002/jpln.200321081
Subject(s) - human fertilization , phosphorus , arable land , soil water , crop , agronomy , phosphate , zoology , soil horizon , chemistry , crop yield , environmental science , soil science , biology , ecology , agriculture , organic chemistry
To evaluate the effect of three phosphorus (P) fertilization regimes (no P, P input equivalent to P off‐take by crops, P input higher than P off‐take) on crop yield, P uptake, and soil P availability, seven field experiments (six in crop rotations, one under permanent grassland) were conducted in Switzerland during nine years (six trials) or 27 years (one trial). Soil total P (Pt), inorganic P (Pi), organic P (Po), and the amount of isotopically exchangeable soil P were measured in the 0–20 cm and 30–50 cm layers of the arable soils and in the 0–10 cm layer of the permanent grassland soil. Omitting P fertilization resulted in significant yield decreases only in one field crop trial as the amount of P isotopically exchangeable within one minute ( E 1min ) reached values lower than 5 mg P (kg soil) –1 . In the absence of P fertilization Pi decreased on average from 470 to 410 mg P (kg soil) –1 in the upper horizon of 6 sites while Po decreased only at two sites (from 510 to 466 mg P (kg soil) –1 on average). In all the treatments of the trials started in 1989 the E 1min values of the upper horizon decreased on average from 15.6 to 7.4 mg P (kg soil) –1 between 1989 and 1998. These decreases were also observed when P inputs were higher than crops needs, showing that in these soils the highest P inputs were not sufficient to maintain the high initial available P levels. Finally for the six arable trials the values of the isotopic exchange kinetics parameters ( R/r 1 , n , C P ) and P exchangeable within 1 minute ( E 1min ) at the end of the experiment could be estimated from the values measured at the beginning of trial and the cumulated P balance.