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The additive effect of periodontitis with hypertension on risk of systemic disease and mortality
Author(s) -
Larvin Harriet,
Kang Jing,
Aggarwal Vishal R.,
Pavitt Sue,
Wu Jianhua
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1002/jper.21-0621
Subject(s) - medicine , hazard ratio , disease , periodontitis , proportional hazards model , diabetes mellitus , cohort , blood pressure , population , systemic disease , cohort study , confidence interval , endocrinology , environmental health
Background Recent evidence suggests that periodontitis (PD) causes hypertension, which is a precursor to development of other systemic diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hypertension and PD on the risk of subsequent systemic disease. Methods This longitudinal cohort study included 244,393 UK Biobank participants who were free of systemic disease other than hypertension at baseline. Self‐reported responses of painful gums or loose teeth were surrogates for PD. Hypertensives were identified by clinical diagnosis, or elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg). Systemic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and diabetes were identified from linked diagnostic codes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to quantify the risk of systemic diseases and all‐cause mortality, stratified by hypertensive and PD status. Results The average age of the study population was 55.4 years (standard deviation [SD:] 8.1 years), and 130,220 (53.3%) participants were female. At baseline, 131,566 (53.8%) participants were hypertensive and 4.5% reported PD. The incidence rates of all systemic diseases were higher in hypertensive than non‐hypertensive participants of the same PD status. In hypertensives, an additive effect was observed for PD on the risks of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.53) and respiratory disease (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 0.95–1.30) compared to hypertensive healthy controls. Conclusions Hypertensives with PD have exacerbated risks of several systemic diseases. Future interventional studies should consider the effect of periodontal treatment on systemic outcomes in targeted hypertensive populations.