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Peri‐implant marginal mucosa defects: Classification and clinical management
Author(s) -
Gamborena Iñaki,
AvilaOrtiz Gustavo
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1002/jper.20-0519
Subject(s) - implant , dentistry , peri , soft tissue , medicine , peri implantitis , molar , gingival margin , orthodontics , surgery
Peri‐implant marginal mucosa defects (PMMDs) are alterations of the peri‐implant soft tissue architecture characterized by an apical discrepancy of the mucosal margin respective to its ideal position with or without exposure of transmucosal prosthetic components or the implant fixture surface. PMMDs may not only represent an esthetic concern but also predispose to biofilm accumulation and subsequent initiation and progression of peri‐implant inflammatory diseases. A treatment‐driven classification for tooth‐bound, facial PMMDs in non‐molar sites, consisting of three different levels of complexity, is proposed. Clinical recommendations pertaining to the prosthetic and surgical management of each type of PMMD, illustrated with practical examples, are provided with the purpose of facilitating decision‐making processes in daily practice.