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Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in periodontal health and disease
Author(s) -
Afacan Beral,
Öztürk Veli Özgen,
Paşalı Çiğdem,
Bozkurt Emir,
Köse Timur,
Emingil Gülnur
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1002/jper.18-0412
Subject(s) - gingivitis , saliva , medicine , periodontitis , vascular endothelial growth factor , chronic periodontitis , tumor necrosis factor alpha , angiogenesis , gastroenterology , bleeding on probing , hypoxia (environmental) , biomarker , clinical significance , vegf receptors , dentistry , biology , chemistry , biochemistry , organic chemistry , oxygen
Background Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) is expressed as an adaptive response to hypoxia, mediates angiogenesis through the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and can be induced by tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). This study aimed to investigate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and salivary HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in periodontal health and disease. Methods A total of 87 individuals, 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G‐AgP), 20 chronic periodontitis (CP), 26 gingivitis patients, and 21 periodontally healthy individuals, were included. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded; GCF and salivary samples were collected; and HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Nonparametric tests were used for the statistical analyses. Results G‐AgP and CP groups had significantly higher GCF HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α total amounts than gingivitis and healthy groups ( P < 0.05). GCF HIF‐1α and TNF‐α total amounts in gingivitis group were significantly higher than the healthy group ( P < 0.05). GCF and salivary concentrations of biomarkers were similar in both periodontitis groups ( P > 0.05). Salivary HIF‐1α concentrations in gingivitis group were significantly higher than G‐AgP and healthy groups ( P < 0.05). GCF HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α total amounts were positively correlated with the site‐specific clinical periodontal parameters and with each other ( P < 0.05). Conclusions HIF‐1α is detectable in GCF and saliva of periodontally diseased and healthy individuals, and the GCF levels of the biomarker can be affected by disease status. Increased GCF HIF‐1α, VEGF, and TNF‐α levels in both chronic and aggressive form of periodontitis might suggest the role of TNF‐α/HIF‐1α/VEGF pathway in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.