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Effects of statins on multispecies oral biofilm identify simvastatin as a drug candidate targeting Porphyromonas gingivalis
Author(s) -
Kamińska Marta,
Aliko Ardita,
Hellvard Annelie,
Bielecka Ewa,
Binder Veronika,
Marczyk Agata,
Potempa Jan,
Delaleu Nicolas,
Kantyka Tomasz,
Mydel Piotr
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1002/jper.18-0179
Subject(s) - porphyromonas gingivalis , fusobacterium nucleatum , tannerella forsythia , periodontitis , microbiology and biotechnology , dysbiosis , medicine , streptococcus oralis , biofilm , chronic periodontitis , hyperlipidemia , streptococcus gordonii , periodontal pathogen , gingivitis , immunology , biology , gut flora , antibiotics , bacteria , dentistry , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology , pathology , streptococcaceae , honeysuckle , genetics , traditional chinese medicine , alternative medicine
Abstract Background Statins effectively reduce risk of cardiovascular‐related morbidity and mortality in patients with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or type 2 diabetes. In addition to lowering cholesterol levels, several studies have attributed statins with immunomodulatory and bactericidal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate statins' antimicrobial activity against periodontal homeostasis bacteria. Methods Statin effect on bacterial growth was tested using planktonic monocultures and multibacterial biofilms. The latter consisted of five microbial species ( Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces naeslundii, Tannerella forsythia , and Streptococcus gordonii ) associated with dysbiosis of the oral microbiota underlying establishment and perpetuation of periodontitis. Results All four tested statins efficiently inhibited P. gingivalis growth and significantly decreased the cumulative bacterial load in developing and established biofilms. Simvastatin was most efficient and decreased P. gingivalis counts more than 1,300‐fold relative to the control. Conclusions These findings suggest that similar effects on bacterial composition of the dental plaque may occur in vivo in patients on statins, thus, leading to a shift of the oral microbiome from a dysbiotic to a more homeostatic one. Simvastatin, being highly effective against P. gingivalis while not affecting commensal microbiota, possesses many properties qualifying it as a potential adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether similar effects on bacterial composition of the dental plaque may occur in vivo in patients on statins, thus, leading to a shift of the oral microflora from dysbiotic to a more homeostatic one.