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Association between periodontitis and spontaneous abortion: A case‐control study
Author(s) -
Chanomethaporn Anchana,
Chayasadom Anek,
Waraaswapati Nawarat,
Kongwattanakul Kiattisak,
Suwannarong Waraporn,
Tangwanichgapong Kamonchanok,
Sumata Gunniga,
Matangkasombut Oranart,
Dasanayake Ananda P.,
Pitiphat Waranuch
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1002/jper.18-0174
Subject(s) - tannerella forsythia , medicine , fusobacterium nucleatum , periodontitis , abortion , odds ratio , obstetrics , case control study , miscarriage , confidence interval , pregnancy , porphyromonas gingivalis , gestation , dentistry , pathology , honeysuckle , alternative medicine , traditional chinese medicine , biology , genetics
Background Spontaneous abortion, or miscarriage, is a complication of pregnancy which can severely affect women both physically and psychologically. We investigated the associations of periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria with spontaneous abortion. Methods We conducted a matched case‐control study in two tertiary hospitals in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Cases were 85 women with spontaneous abortion at <20 weeks of gestation matched to 85 controls on age, gestational age, and hospital. Full‐mouth periodontal examinations were performed. Periodontitis was defined as at least one site with probing depth ≥5 mm and clinical attachment level ≥2 mm at the same site. Subgingival plaque samples were collected to determine the levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis , Tannerella forsythia , and Fusobacterium nucleatum using real time polymerase chain reaction. Results The cases were significantly more likely to have periodontitis (50.6%) than the controls (21.2%; P = 0.007). Conditional logistic regression revealed a crude odds ratio (OR) of 4.1 for the association between periodontitis and spontaneous abortion (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9–8.9, P = 0.001). The OR decreased, but was still significant, after controlling for previous miscarriage (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.4–7.8, P = 0.006). There was no significant association between the levels of periodontopathic bacteria and spontaneous abortion. Increased levels of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were associated with periodontitis in both case and control groups. Association between increased T. forsythia levels and periodontitis was observed only in the case women. Conclusions Periodontitis was more common in women with spontaneous abortions as compared with matched controls. Levels of periodontopathic bacteria was not associated with spontaneous abortion in this population.