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Preclinical alveolar ridge preservation using small‐sized particles of bone replacement graft in combination with a gelatin cryogel scaffold
Author(s) -
Chang PoChun,
Chang HaoChieh,
Lin TzuChiao,
Tai WeiChiu
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1002/jper.17-0629
Subject(s) - gelatin , scaffold , alveolar ridge , resorption , biomedical engineering , biocompatibility , materials science , dental alveolus , chemistry , dentistry , implant , medicine , surgery , pathology , biochemistry , metallurgy
Abstract Background Particulate anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABBM) is extensively used for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). This study evaluates the potential of ABBM/gelatin cryogel scaffold of regular (250 to 1,000 μm) and small (50 to 100 μm) particles for ARP. Methods ABBM was either condensed in a gypsum ring to simulate filling of ABBM in a defect or incorporated into a gelatin cryogel scaffold to disperse ABBM. Condensed regular‐sized or small‐sized ABBM (rABBM or sABBM) (± bone morphogenetic protein [BMP]‐2) were subcutaneously implanted in rats to evaluate biocompatibility and osteogenic potential. Experimental extraction sockets were surgically created on the maxillary ridges of rats and were unfilled (control), filled with rABBM/gelatin, or sABBM/gelatin cryogel scaffold. The socket fill and dimensional changes of the ridge were evaluated by microcomputed tomography imaging and histology. Results Condensed sABBM showed acceptable biocompatibility but significantly lower interparticle distance (IPD) and porosity ( P < 0.001) compared with rABBM, whereas rABBM/gelatin and sABBM/gelatin cryogel scaffold showed similar IPD and porosity. Osteogenesis took place in rABBM/gelatin and sABBM/gelatin‐treated extraction sockets showed osteogenesis at 8 weeks and had increased ridge width and reduced ridge discrepancy compared with the control sites. sABBM/gelatin scaffold significantly increased socket fill and reduced ridge discrepancy at 4 weeks, increased ridge width at 8 weeks, and reduced buccal ridge height resorption at both 4 and 8 weeks ( P < 0.05 for all). Conclusions Osteoconductivity was suppressed in condensed sABBM, even after adding BMP‐2. By dispersing sABBM in a gelatin cryogel scaffold, sABBM/gelatin showed a greater potential in promoting socket fill, reducing buccal ridge atrophy, and providing equivalent ridge stability compared with rABBM/gelatin.