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Annexin‐1 as a salivary biomarker for gingivitis during pregnancy
Author(s) -
Hassan Manar N.,
Belibasakis Georgios N.,
Gumus Pinar,
Öztürk Veli Özgen,
Emingil Gulnur,
Bostanci Nagihan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.036
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1943-3670
pISSN - 0022-3492
DOI - 10.1002/jper.17-0557
Subject(s) - gingivitis , periodontitis , medicine , saliva , bleeding on probing , pregnancy , biomarker , annexin a1 , obstetrics , dentistry , immunology , annexin , biology , biochemistry , flow cytometry , genetics
Background It is well established that there is higher susceptibility to gingival inflammation during pregnancy. Annexin‐1 (ANXA1) is an anti‐inflammatory protein which has been identified in gingival tissue exudates by discovery proteomics. This cross‐sectional case‐control study investigated the levels and association of ANXA1 and pro‐inflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)‐1β in the saliva of pregnant and non‐pregnant women. Methods Whole unstimulated saliva from 69 non‐pregnant and 78 pregnant women was collected prior to measurement of probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque. Then, the women were split into 3 subgroups depending on their periodontal status (healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis). The levels of ANXA1 and IL‐1β were measured with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and reported as pg/mg after normalizing against the total protein levels. Results Significantly higher ANXA1 levels were exhibited in pregnant women with gingivitis compared with health ( P < 0.05) and in pregnant women with gingivitis compared with the respective non‐pregnant group ( P < 0.0001). There was a significantly higher level of IL‐1β in gingivitis than in health in pregnant women ( P < 0.05) and significantly higher levels in periodontitis compared with health in non‐pregnant women ( P < 0.05). Looking at the IL‐1 β:ANXA1 ratio, the non‐pregnant periodontitis group displayed a significantly higher ratio compared with the respective pregnant group ( P < 0.05). In the non‐pregnant subpopulation, the ratio was significantly higher in periodontitis compared with health ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Salivary ANXA1 levels are elevated in the presence of gingivitis only in pregnant, but not non‐pregnant women, rendering this molecule as a potential salivary biomarker for non‐invasive early screening for gingival inflammation during pregnancy.