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Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Donor Human Milk in the United Kingdom: Results From the LIMIT 2‐Centre Cross‐Sectional Study
Author(s) -
Nessel Isabell,
De Rooy Laura,
Khashu Minesh,
Murphy Jane L.,
Dyall Simon C.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.935
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1941-2444
pISSN - 0148-6071
DOI - 10.1002/jpen.1773
Subject(s) - polyunsaturated fatty acid , docosahexaenoic acid , lipid peroxidation , infant formula , malondialdehyde , arachidonic acid , medicine , food science , fatty acid , physiology , chemistry , endocrinology , biochemistry , oxidative stress , enzyme
Background Donor human milk (DHM) is used as alternative to maternal milk to feed preterm infants; however, it may provide less long‐chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and more oxidized lipids, which may be detrimental to preterm infant health and development. Levels have not been reported for DHM in the United Kingdom. Methods DHM (n = 19) from 2 neonatal units, preterm milk from a neonatal unit (n = 10), and term milk from the community (n = 11) were analyzed for fatty acids, malondialdehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, and hexanal. Study registration: NCT03573531. Results DHM had significantly lower absolute LCPUFA content than term ( P < .001) and significantly lower ω‐3 PUFAs than preterm milk (P < .05), although relative LCPUFA composition did not differ. Exclusive DHM feeding leads to significantly lower fat (3.7 vs 6.7 g/d) and LCPUFA (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]: 10.6 vs 16.8 mg/d; arachidonic acid [ARA]: 17.4 vs 25.2 mg/d) intake than recommended by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and provides 17.3% and 43.1% of the in utero accreted ARA and DHA. DHM had the highest proportion of lipid peroxidation. Conclusions This study confirms that DHM in the United Kingdom has insufficient LCPUFAs for preterm infants. It demonstrates for the first time that DHM has the highest level of lipid peroxidation, compared with preterm or term milk. This has important implications for preterm infant nutrition, as exclusive DHM feeding might not be suitable long term and may contribute to the development of major preterm neonatal morbidities.