Premium
Metabolic and Inflammatory Effects of an ω‐3 Fatty Acid–Based Eucaloric Ketogenic Diet in Mice With Endotoxemia
Author(s) -
AnezBustillos Lorenzo,
Dao Duy T.,
Finkelstein Adam,
Pan Amy,
Cho Bennet S.,
Mitchell Paul D.,
Gura Kathleen M.,
Bistrian Bruce R.,
Puder Mark
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.935
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1941-2444
pISSN - 0148-6071
DOI - 10.1002/jpen.1688
Subject(s) - docosahexaenoic acid , ketogenic diet , medicine , eicosapentaenoic acid , endocrinology , postprandial , lipopolysaccharide , arachidonic acid , chemistry , inflammation , carbohydrate metabolism , fatty acid , tumor necrosis factor alpha , fatty acid metabolism , metabolism , polyunsaturated fatty acid , enzyme , biochemistry , insulin , epilepsy , psychiatry
Background Dietary strategies can aid in the management of critically ill patients. Very‐low‐carbohydrate diets have been shown to improve glucose control and the inflammatory response. We aimed to determine the effects of a eucaloric ketogenic diet (EKD) enriched with ω‐3 fatty acids (O3KD) on glucose levels and inflammation in mice with endotoxemia. Methods Adult mice were fed 1 of 3 diets (control diet [CD], EKD, or O3KD). After 4 weeks, each group received saline or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally during the postprandial (PPP) or postabsorptive (PAP) periods. Blood glucose was measured at 0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and interleukin (IL) 6 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Distribution of serum fatty acids was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Hepatic expression of genes involved in inflammation, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism, were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results During the PPP, glucose curves were comparable among the experimental groups. During the PAP, EKD showed a more pronounced increase in glucose levels at the first hour after LPS challenge compared with the CD‐LPS group. During the PAP, IL6 was lower in O3KD‐LPS compared with CD‐LPS and EKD‐LPS groups. These differences disappeared in the PPP. Similarly, TNF‐α was lower in the O3KD‐LPS group compared with the EKD‐LPS group. The O3KD significantly increased the serum levels of the ω‐3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and decreased the ω‐6 arachidonic acid. Conclusion An O3KD leads to reduced inflammation and maintains glucose homeostasis in mice with endotoxemia.