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Probing the role of methyl methacrylate release from spacer materials in induced membrane bone healing
Author(s) -
Stahl Alexander,
Park Young Bum,
Park SangHyun,
Lin Sien,
Pan ChiChun,
Kim Sungwoo,
Yang Yunzhi P.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of orthopaedic research®
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.041
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1554-527X
pISSN - 0736-0266
DOI - 10.1002/jor.25147
Subject(s) - membrane , in vivo , polycaprolactone , methyl methacrylate , bone morphogenetic protein 2 , chemistry , mesenchymal stem cell , biomedical engineering , materials science , in vitro , biophysics , microbiology and biotechnology , monomer , polymer , biochemistry , medicine , biology , organic chemistry
In the induced membrane (IM) technique for bone reconstruction, a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spacer is implanted to induce formation of a foreign body membrane around the defect site. Membrane development is essential for later bone grafting success, yet the mechanism by which the IM promotes bone regeneration remains unknown, as are the ways that spacer composition plays a role in the membrane's healing potential. This study investigated the impact of leached methyl methacrylate (MMA)—the major monomeric component of PMMA—on IM development. In vitro cell culture found that MMA elution did not impact endothelial cell or mesenchymal stem cell proliferation. For in vivo analysis, we advanced a streamlined rat femoral model to efficiently study the influence of spacer properties on IM characteristics. Comparison of membrane formation around polycaprolactone (PCL), MMA‐eluting PCL (high‐dose PCL‐MMA and low‐dose PCL‐MMA), and surgical PMMA revealed robust membranes enveloped all groups after 4 weeks in vivo, with elevated expression of osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor compared with the surrounding muscle and bone tissues. Growth factor quantitation in IM tissue found no statistically significant difference between groups. New bone growth, vascularization, and CD163+ macrophage populations surrounding the polymer implants were also quantified; and blood vessel formation around high‐dose PCL‐MMA was found to be significantly decreased compared with PCL alone. To the best of our knowledge, these findings represent the first time that results have been obtained about the characteristics of membranes formed around PCL in the IM setting.