Premium
Preclinical Optical Imaging to Study Pathogenesis, Novel Therapeutics and Diagnostics Against Orthopaedic Infection
Author(s) -
Thompson John M.,
Miller Lloyd S.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of orthopaedic research®
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.041
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1554-527X
pISSN - 0736-0266
DOI - 10.1002/jor.24428
Subject(s) - in vivo , fluorophore , bioluminescence imaging , preclinical imaging , optical imaging , bioluminescence , medicine , molecular imaging , fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy , fluorescence , context (archaeology) , pathology , biomedical engineering , luciferase , biology , optics , ecology , transfection , paleontology , physics , genetics , microbiology and biotechnology , cell culture
Preclinical in vivo optical imaging includes bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI), which provide noninvasive and longitudinal monitoring of biological processes in an in vivo context. In vivo BLI involves the detection of photons of light from bioluminescent bacteria engineered to naturally emit light in preclinical animal models of infection. Meanwhile, in vivo FLI involves the detection of photons of a longer emission wavelength of light after exposure of a fluorophore to a shorter excitation wavelength of light. In vivo FLI has been used in preclinical animal models to detect fluorescent‐labeled host proteins or cells (often in engineered fluorescent reporter mice) to understand host‐related processes, or to detect injectable near‐infrared fluorescent probes as a novel approach for diagnosing infection. This review describes the use of in vivo optical imaging in preclinical models of orthopaedic implant‐associated infection (OIAI), including (i) pathogenesis of the infectious course, (ii) monitoring efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy and (iii) evaluating novel near‐infrared fluorescent probes for diagnosing infection. Finally, we describe optoacoustic imaging and fluorescence image‐guided surgery, which are recent technologies that have the potential to translate to diagnosing and treating OIAI in humans. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2269–2277, 2019