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Three dimensionality of gleno‐humeral deformities in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy
Author(s) -
Brochard Sylvain,
Mozingo Joseph D.,
Alter Katharine E.,
Sheehan Frances T.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of orthopaedic research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.041
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1554-527X
pISSN - 0736-0266
DOI - 10.1002/jor.23049
Subject(s) - medicine , brachial plexus , shoulders , palsy , deltoid curve , orthodontics , scapula , deformity , anatomy , nuclear medicine , surgery , alternative medicine , pathology
ABSTRACT The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that gleno‐humeral deformity in children and adolescent with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy is three‐dimensional (3D). The study also compared the metrological properties of typical two‐dimensional gleno‐humeral measures to the newly developed 3D measures. Thirteen individuals (age = 11.8 ± 3.3 years) with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy participated in this IRB‐approved study. 3D axial magnetic resonance images were acquired for both shoulders. Glenoid and humeral models were created in order to quantify 3D glenoid version, humeral head migration, and glenoid concavity. Two‐dimensional (2D) measures were acquired as recommended in the literature. All measures were completed by two observers in this observer‐blind study. Compared to the non‐involved side, the glenoid was more retroverted (7.91°, p = 0.003) and inferiorly oriented (7.28°, p = 0.009). The humeral head was migrated more posteriorly (5.54 mm, p = 0.007), inferiorly (−3.96 mm, p = 0.013), and medially (−3.63 mm, p = 0.002). Eleven of the 13 glenoids were concave, based on the 3D glenoid models. The concurrent validity between three‐ and 2D measures were highly dependent of the parameter measured, the slice level used for the 2D analysis, and the presence/absence of pathology (0.63 < r < 0.91). The standard error of measurement for the 2D anterior–posterior version (>3°) was larger than that for the 3D measure of version (<1°) on the involved side. This study clearly demonstrated that the gleno‐humeral deformation in obstetrical brachial plexus palsy is 3D, emphasizing the need for 3D subject specific gleno‐humeral shape analysis for follow‐up and treatment plans in children with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:675–682, 2016.