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Metal ions activate vascular endothelial cells and increase lymphocyte chemotaxis and binding
Author(s) -
Ninomiya James T.,
Kuzma Scott A.,
Schnettler Timothy J.,
Krolikowski John G.,
Struve Janine A.,
Weihrauch Dorothee
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of orthopaedic research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.041
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1554-527X
pISSN - 0736-0266
DOI - 10.1002/jor.22377
Subject(s) - chemotaxis , downregulation and upregulation , chemistry , chromium , integrin , lymphocyte , cobalt , immunology , endothelium , immune system , stimulation , platelet , sensitization , microbiology and biotechnology , medicine , biochemistry , biology , receptor , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , gene
Abstract Metal on metal articulations in hip arthroplasty offer advantages, including lower volumetric wear compared to conventional metalonpolyethylene bearings, and increased resistance to dislocation. Reports described early failures, with histologic features similar to a Type IV immune response. Mechanisms by which metal wear products cause this reaction are not completely understood. We hypothesized a mechanism through direct activation of endothelial cells (ECs) by metal ions, resulting in both vasculitis and accumulation of lymphocytes without prior immune sensitization. Effects of metal ions were evaluated using human ECs in culture. Alterations in chemotactic proteins IL8 and MCP1 were assessed, as was upregulation of the adhesion molecule ICAM‐1 and lymphocyte binding to ECs. Cobalt increased secretion of IL8 and MCP1 significantly, and upregulated the expression of ICAM‐1 in ECs compared to stimulation by chromium and controls. Binding of lymphocytes to ECs and transEC migration were both significantly increased by cobalt but not chromium. These findings suggest that cobalt contributes more to the activation of ECs and lymphocyte binding than chromium without an allergic response. Some of the adverse tissue reactions to implants with components made of cobalt–chromium–molybdenium alloys may be due in part to activation of the endothelium by metal ions. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1484–1491, 2013