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Vancomycin covalently bonded to titanium alloy prevents bacterial colonization
Author(s) -
Antoci Valentin,
King Samuel B.,
Jose Binoy,
Parvizi Javad,
Zeiger Allen R.,
Wickstrom Eric,
Freeman Theresa A.,
Composto Russell J.,
Ducheyne Paul,
Shapiro Irving M.,
Hickok Noreen J.,
Adams Christopher S.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
journal of orthopaedic research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.041
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1554-527X
pISSN - 0736-0266
DOI - 10.1002/jor.20348
Subject(s) - biofilm , vancomycin , microbiology and biotechnology , colonization , periprosthetic , antibiotics , bacteria , implant , staphylococcus aureus , colony forming unit , chemistry , bacterial growth , titanium , biology , medicine , surgery , arthroplasty , genetics , organic chemistry
Periprosthetic infection is a devastating consequence of implant insertion and can arise from hematogenous sources or surgical contamination. Microbes can preferentially colonize the implant surface and, by forming a biofilm, escape immune surveillance. We hypothesized that if an antibiotic can be tethered to a titanium alloy (Ti) surface, it will inhibit bacterial colonization, prevent biofilm formation, and avert late‐stage infection. To test this hypothesis, a Ti rod was covalently derivatized with vancomycin. Reaction efficiencies were evaluated by colorimetric and spectrophotometric measurements. The vancomycin‐modified surface was stable in aqueous solutions over extended time periods and maintained antibiotic coverage, even after press‐fit insertion into a cadaverous rat femora. When evaluated using fluorescently labeled bacteria, or by direct colony counts, the surface‐bound antibiotic prevented bacterial colonization in vitro after: (1) exposure to high levels of S. aureus ; (2) extended incubation in physiological buffers; and (3) repeated bacterial challenges. Importantly, whereas the vancomycin‐derivitized pins prevented bacterial colonization, S. aureus adhered to control pins, even in the presence of concentrations of vancomycin that exceeded the strain MIC. These results demonstrate that we have effectively engineered a stable, bactericidal Ti surface. This new surface holds great promise in terms of mitigating or preventing periprosthetic infection. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:858–866, 2007