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Urban meteorological modeling using WRF : a sensitivity study
Author(s) -
Sharma Ashish,
Fernando Harindra J.S.,
Hamlet Alan F.,
Hellmann Jessica J.,
Barlage Michael,
Chen Fei
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
international journal of climatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.58
H-Index - 166
eISSN - 1097-0088
pISSN - 0899-8418
DOI - 10.1002/joc.4819
Subject(s) - mesoscale meteorology , environmental science , weather research and forecasting model , downscaling , urban heat island , climatology , initialization , meteorology , data assimilation , context (archaeology) , land cover , wind speed , atmospheric sciences , land use , geography , precipitation , geology , civil engineering , archaeology , computer science , engineering , programming language
This study explores the sensitivity of high‐resolution mesoscale simulations of urban heat island ( UHI ) in the Chicago metropolitan area ( CMA ) and its environs to urban physical parameterizations, with emphasis on the role of lake breeze. A series of climate downscaling experiments were conducted using the urban‐Weather Research and Forecasting ( uWRF ) model at 1‐km horizontal resolution for a relatively warm period with a strong lake breeze. The study employed best available morphological data sets, selection of appropriate urban parameters, and estimates of anthropogenic heating sources for the CMA . Several urban parameterization schemes were then evaluated using these parameter values. The study also examined (1) the impacts of land data assimilation for initialization of the mesoscale model, (2) the role of urbanization on UHI and lake breeze, and (3) the effects of sub‐grid scale land‐cover variability on urban meteorological predictions. Comparisons of temperature and wind simulations with station observations and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite data in the CMA showed that uWRF , with appropriate selection of urban parameter values, was able to reproduce the measured near‐surface temperature and wind speeds reasonably well. In particular, the model was able to capture the observed spatial variation of 2‐m near‐surface temperatures at night, when the UHI effect was pronounced. Results showed that inclusion of sub‐grid scale variability of land‐use and initializing models with more accurate land surface data can yield improved simulations of near‐surface temperatures and wind speeds, particularly in the context of simulating the extent and spatial heterogeneity of UHI effects.