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Molecular diversity and multifarious plant growth promoting attributes of Bacilli associated with wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) rhizosphere from six diverse agro‐ecological zones of India
Author(s) -
Verma Priyanka,
Yadav Ajar Nath,
Khannam Kazy Sufia,
Kumar Sanjay,
Saxena Anil Kumar,
Suman Archna
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of basic microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.58
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1521-4028
pISSN - 0233-111X
DOI - 10.1002/jobm.201500459
Subject(s) - bacilli , biology , rhizosphere , amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis , paenibacillus , botany , bacillus (shape) , rhizobacteria , 16s ribosomal rna , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , ribosomal dna , phylogenetics , biochemistry , genetics , gene
The diversity of culturable Bacilli was investigated in six wheat cultivating agro‐ecological zones of India viz : northern hills, north western plains, north eastern plains, central, peninsular, and southern hills. These agro‐ecological regions are based on the climatic conditions such as pH, salinity, drought, and temperature. A total of 395 Bacilli were isolated by heat enrichment and different growth media. Amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis using three restriction enzymes Alu I, Msp I, and Hae III led to the clustering of these isolates into 19–27 clusters in the different zones at >70% similarity index, adding up to 137 groups. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing led to the identification of 55 distinct Bacilli that could be grouped in five families, Bacillaceae (68%), Paenibacillaceae (15%), Planococcaceae (8%), Staphylococcaceae (7%), and Bacillales incertae sedis (2%), which included eight genera namely Bacillus , Exiguobacterium , Lysinibacillus , Paenibacillus , Planococcus , Planomicrobium , Sporosarcina , and Staphylococcus . All 395 isolated Bacilli were screened for their plant growth promoting attributes, which included direct‐plant growth promoting (solubilization of phosphorus, potassium, and zinc; production of phytohormones; 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate deaminase activity and nitrogen fixation), and indirect‐plant growth promotion (antagonistic, production of lytic enzymes, siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, and ammonia). To our knowledge, this is the first report for the presence of Bacillus endophyticus , Paenibacillus xylanexedens , Planococcus citreus , Planomicrobium okeanokoites , Sporosarcina sp., and Staphylococcus succinus in wheat rhizosphere and exhibit multifunctional PGP attributes. These niche‐specific and multifarious PGP Bacilli may serve as inoculants for crops growing in respective climatic conditions.