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Separate factors produced by the CNS of the snail Helisoma stimulate neurite outgrowth and choline metabolism in cultured neurons
Author(s) -
Barker David L.,
Wong Richard G.,
Kater Stanley B.
Publication year - 1982
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/jnr.490080229
Subject(s) - neurite , choline , snail , metabolism , nerve growth factor , biology , biochemistry , growth factor , microbiology and biotechnology , chemistry , in vitro , ecology , receptor
Neurons from the snail Helisoma require a brain‐derived factor(s) for neurite outgrowth in both organ and isolated cell culture. This factor is released from the CNS of Helisoma when brains are incubated in defined medium, producing a conditioned medium (CM). In addition to its growth‐promoting activity, CM also enhances total uptake of 3 H‐choline and the incorporation of 3 H‐choline into specific metabolites: acetylcholine, phosphorycholine and lipid. This choline metabolism‐enhancing factor(s) is distinct and separable from neurite growth‐promoting factor: 1. Over 95% of neurite growth‐promoting activity can be removed from CM by adsorption to a polylysine surface while there is no loss of choline metabolism‐enhancing activity. 2. When central ganglia were treated with anisomycin, a potent inhibitor of molluscan protein synthesis, the choline metabolism‐enhancing activity was completely absent from the resulting CM, while the growth promoting activity was reduced by only 35%. These results suggest that the Helisoma CNS produces a variety of trophic factors that are involved in regulating the interaction between neuronal growth and metabolism.