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Sex differences in gut microbiota modulation of aversive conditioning, open field activity, and basolateral amygdala dendritic spine density
Author(s) -
Geary Caroline Grace,
Wilk Victoria Christina,
Barton Katherine Louise,
Jefferson Parvaneh Ottavia,
Binder Tea,
Bhutani Vasvi,
Baker Claire Luisa,
FernandoPeiris Achal James,
Mousley Alexa Lee,
Rozental Stefano Freitas Andrade,
Thompson Hannah Mae,
Touchon Justin Charles,
Esteban David Justin,
Bergstrom Hadley Creighton
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/jnr.24848
Subject(s) - open field , amygdala , basolateral amygdala , fear conditioning , gut flora , neuroscience , context (archaeology) , psychology , dysbiosis , dendritic spine , extinction (optical mineralogy) , recall , freezing behavior , biology , developmental psychology , physiology , hippocampal formation , immunology , endocrinology , cognitive psychology , paleontology
Gut microbiota influence numerous aspects of host biology, including brain structure and function. Growing evidence implicates gut microbiota in aversive conditioning and anxiety‐related behaviors, but research has focused almost exclusively on males. To investigate whether effects of gut dysbiosis on aversive learning and memory differ by sex, adult female and male C57BL/6N mice were orally administered a moderate dose of nonabsorbable antimicrobial medications (ATMs: neomycin, bacitracin, and pimaricin) or a control over 10 days. Changes in gut microbiome composition were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Open field behavior, cued aversive learning, context recall, and cued recall were assessed. Following behavioral testing, the morphology of basolateral amygdala (BLA) principal neuron dendrites and spines was characterized. Results revealed that ATMs induced gut dysbiosis in both sexes, with stronger effects in females. ATMs also exerted sex‐specific effects on behavior and neuroanatomy. Males were more susceptible than females to microbial modulation of locomotor activity and anxiety‐like behavior. Females were more susceptible than males to ATM‐induced impairments in aversive learning and cued recall. Context recall remained intact, as did dendritic structure of BLA principal neurons. However, ATMs exerted a sex‐specific effect on spine density. A second experiment was conducted to isolate the effects of gut perturbation to cued recall. Extinction was also examined. Results revealed no effect of ATMs on cued recall or extinction, suggesting that gut dysbiosis preferentially impacts aversive learning. These data shed new light on how gut microbiota interact with sex to influence aversive conditioning, open field behavior, and BLA dendritic spine architecture.