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4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐acetophenone‐mediated long‐lasting memory recovery, hippocampal neuroprotection, and reduction of glial cell activation after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats
Author(s) -
Romanini Cássia Valério,
Ferreira Emilene Dias Fiuza,
Soares Lígia Mendes,
Santiago Amanda Nunes,
Milani Humberto,
de Oliveira Rúbia Maria Weffort
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/jnr.23575
Subject(s) - apocynin , neuroprotection , neurodegeneration , glial fibrillary acidic protein , pharmacology , neuroscience , hippocampal formation , ischemia , medicine , chemistry , anesthesia , oxidative stress , nadph oxidase , biology , endocrinology , immunohistochemistry , disease
4‐Hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐acetophenone (apocynin) is a naturally occurring methoxy‐substitute catechol that is isolated from the roots of Apocynin cannabinum (Canadian hemp) and Picrorhiza kurroa (Scrophulariaceae). It has been previously shown to have antioxidant and neuroprotective properties in several models of neurodegenerative disease, including cerebral ischemia. The present study investigates the effects of apocynin on transient global cerebral ischemia (TGCI)‐induced retrograde memory deficits in rats. The protective effects of apocynin on neurodegeneration and the glial response to TGCI are also evaluated. Rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of apocynin (5 mg/kg) 30 min before TGCI and were tested 7, 14, and 21 days later in the eight‐arm aversive radial maze (AvRM). After behavioral testing, the hippocampi were removed for histological evaluation. The present results confirm that TGCI causes memory impairment in the AvRM and that apocynin prevents these memory deficits and attenuates hippocampal neuronal death in a sustained way. Apocynin also decreases OX‐42 and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity induced by TGCI. These findings support the potential role of apocynin in preventing neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments following TGCI in rats. The long‐term protective effects of apocynin may involve inhibition of the glial response. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.