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Different protective and reparative effects of olmesartan in stroke according to time of administration and withdrawal
Author(s) -
GutiérrezFernández María,
Fuentes Blanca,
RodríguezFrutos Berta,
RamosCejudo Jaime,
OteroOrtega Laura,
DíezTejedor Exuperio
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/jnr.23532
Subject(s) - medicine , olmesartan , stroke (engine) , neurotrophic factors , lesion , brain derived neurotrophic factor , vascular endothelial growth factor , receptor , surgery , vegf receptors , mechanical engineering , blood pressure , engineering
Angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) have induced improved functional recovery and reduced infarct volume in experimental animal models of stroke. Clinical data have indicated a positive correlation between prestroke treatment with ARBs and reduced stroke severity and better outcomes; however, the mechanisms of these beneficial effects are not yet well understood. This study compares the protective and possible reparative effects of continuous oral treatment with olmesartan (OLM) with OLM pretreatment and withdrawal after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) in rats. Fifty‐two Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: MCAO –/OLM (OLM 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days after infarct), MCAO OLM/OLM (OLM 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days before and 14 days after infarct), MCAO OLM/– (OLM 10 mg/kg/day for 7 days before infarct), sham, and control. We analyzed functional recovery; lesion size; cell death; expression of the pro‐oxidant enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX‐4); isolectin‐B4; and repair markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). All of the OLM‐treated groups showed significantly better functional scores and reduced infarct sizes and cell death compared with the control group 14 days after pMCAO. Levels of NOX‐4, VEGF, and BDNF were significantly lower in the brains of the MCAO OLM/OLM and sham groups compared with the other groups. OLM treatment improved functional recovery and reduced lesion size and cell death after cerebral ischemia. Only the continuous administration of OLM before and after stroke reduced oxidative stress levels, with better tissue preservation, without triggering brain repair marker activation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.