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Neurogenesis and glial proliferation are stimulated following diffuse traumatic brain injury in adult rats
Author(s) -
Bye Nicole,
Carron Sarah,
Han Xiaodi,
Agyapomaa Doreen,
Ng Si Yun,
Yan Edwin,
Rosenfeld Jeffrey V.,
MorgantiKossmann M. Cristina
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/jnr.22635
Subject(s) - neurogenesis , subventricular zone , subgranular zone , traumatic brain injury , hippocampal formation , microglia , neuroscience , pathology , diffuse axonal injury , population , medicine , dentate gyrus , biology , neural stem cell , stem cell , inflammation , microbiology and biotechnology , environmental health , psychiatry
Although increased neurogenesis has been described in rodent models of focal traumatic brain injury (TBI), the neurogenic response occurring after diffuse TBI uncomplicated by focal injury has not been examined to date, despite the pervasiveness of this distinct type of brain injury in the TBI patient population. Here we characterize multiple stages of neurogenesis following a traumatic axonal injury (TAI) model of diffuse TBI as well as the proliferative response of glial cells. TAI was induced in adult rats using an impact‐acceleration model, and 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered on days 1–4 posttrauma or sham operation to label mitotic cells. Using immunohistochemistry for BrdU combined with phenotype‐specific markers, we found that proliferation was increased following TAI in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and in the hippocampal subgranular zone, although the ultimate production of new dentate granule neurons at 8 weeks was not significantly enhanced. Also, abundant proliferating and reactive astrocytes, microglia, and polydendrocytes were detected throughout the brain following TAI, indicating that a robust glial response occurs in this model, although very few new cells in the nonneurogenic brain regions became mature neurons. We conclude that diffuse brain injury stimulates early stages of a neurogenic response similar to that described for models of focal TBI. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.