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Activated retinal glia promote neurite outgrowth of retinal ganglion cells via apolipoprotein E
Author(s) -
Lorber Barbara,
Berry Martin,
Douglas Michael R.,
Nakazawa Toru,
Logan Ann
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/jnr.22095
Subject(s) - neurite , retinal , zymosan , retina , retinal ganglion cell , microbiology and biotechnology , neuroglia , biology , microglia , neuroscience , chemistry , central nervous system , immunology , in vitro , biochemistry , inflammation
In the present study, we investigated the role and mechanism through which activated retinal glia stimulate retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurite outgrowth. We have found that the level of retinal glial activation correlates directly with enhanced RGC neurite outgrowth after a preconditioning intravitreal Zymosan injection. Reduction in the number of activated glia in primary rat retinal cultures led to significantly reduced RGC neurite outgrowth. Glial‐related neurite outgrowth appears to be, at least in part, mediated via apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which is expressed by activated retinal astrocytes and Müller glia. ApoE‐deficient mice showed significantly reduced RGC neurite outgrowth potential after intravitreal Zymosan injection compared with age‐matched wild‐type animals. These observations suggest that ApoE, expressed by activated retinal glia, stimulates RGC neurite outgrowth after intravitreal Zymosan injection. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.