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Up‐regulated neuronal COX‐2 expression after cortical spreading depression is involved in non‐REM sleep induction in rats
Author(s) -
Cui Yilong,
Kataoka Yosky,
Inui Takashi,
Mochizuki Takatoshi,
Onoe Hirotaka,
Matsumura Kiyoshi,
Urade Yoshihiro,
Yamada Hisao,
Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/jnr.21531
Subject(s) - cortical spreading depression , non rapid eye movement sleep , neuroscience , neuroscience of sleep , epilepsy , sleep (system call) , sleep spindle , cortex (anatomy) , k complex , cerebral cortex , psychology , medicine , migraine , electroencephalography , computer science , operating system
Cortical spreading depression is an excitatory wave of depolarization spreading throughout cerebral cortex at a rate of 2–5 mm/min and has been implicated in various neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, migraine aura, and trauma. Although sleepiness or sleep is often induced by these neurological disorders, the cellular and molecular mechanism has remained unclear. To investigate whether and how the sleep‐wake behavior is altered by such aberrant brain activity, we induced cortical spreading depression in freely moving rats, monitoring REM and non‐REM (NREM) sleep and sleep‐associated changes in cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and prostaglandins (PGs). In such a model for aberrant neuronal excitation in the cerebral cortex, the amount of NREM sleep, but not of REM sleep, increased subsequently for several hours, with an up‐regulated expression of COX‐2 in cortical neurons and considerable production of PGs. A specific inhibitor of COX‐2 completely arrested the increase in NREM sleep. These results indicate that up‐regulated neuronal COX‐2 would be involved in aberrant brain excitation‐induced NREM sleep via production of PGs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.