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5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐beta‐4‐ribofuranoside attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via modulation of endothelial–monocyte interaction
Author(s) -
Prasad Ratna,
Giri Shailendra,
Nath Narender,
Singh Inderjit,
Singh Avtar K.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
journal of neuroscience research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.72
H-Index - 160
eISSN - 1097-4547
pISSN - 0360-4012
DOI - 10.1002/jnr.20953
Subject(s) - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , encephalomyelitis , inflammation , proinflammatory cytokine , multiple sclerosis , immunology , blood–brain barrier , cell adhesion molecule , tumor necrosis factor alpha , monocyte , pharmacology , chemistry , medicine , central nervous system
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a model for studying multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic demyelinating disorder of the CNS. 5‐Aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), an activator of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), has been reported to show antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in various models of inflammation. Recently, we have reported AICAR‐mediated attenuation of active and passive EAE in mouse model [Nath et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 175:566–574]. Here we used a rat model of acute EAE to show antiinflammatory effects of AICAR after daily treatment starting at onset of the disease. By maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB), AICAR‐administered animals showed lower clinical scores compared with untreated EAE animals. AICAR inhibited the infiltration of inflammatory cells across the BBB, resulting in lowered expression of proinflammatory mediators in the CNS and protection from severe demyelination. By using in vitro model of endothelial–leukocyte interaction, we showed that AICAR inhibited adhesion of monocytes to tumor necrosis factor‐α‐activated endothelial cells. One of the mechanisms of this action is through down‐regulation of expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules via modulation of nuclear factor κB activation. The data suggest that AICAR attenuates EAE progression by limiting infiltration of leukocytes across the BBB, thereby controlling the consequent inflammatory reaction in the CNS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.