Effect of glutamine and GABA on [U‐ 13 C]glutamate metabolism in cerebellar astrocytes and granule neurons

To probe the effect of glutamine and GABA on metabolism of [U‐ 13 C]glutamate, cerebellar astrocytes were incubated with [U‐ 13 C]glutamate (0.5 mM) in the presence and absence of glutamine (2.5 mM) or GABA (0.2 mM). It could be shown that consumption of [U‐ 13 C]glutamate was decreased in the presence of glutamine and release of labeled aspartate and [1,2,3‐ 13 C]glutamate decreased as well, whereas the concentrations of these metabolites increased inside the cells. Glutamine decreased energy production from [U‐ 13 C]glutamate presumably by substituting for glutamate as an energy substrate. No additional effect was seen in the presence of both glutamine and GABA. When cerebellar granule neurons were incubated with [U‐ 13 C]glutamate (0.25 mM) and GABA (0.05 mM), less [U‐ 13 C]glutamate was used for energy production than in controls. Because the barbiturate thiopental did not elicit such response (Qu et al., 2000, Neurochem Int 37:207–215) it appears that GABA also has a metabolic function in the glutamatergic cerebellar granule neurons in contrast to the astrocytes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.