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Immunological aspects and gender bias during respiratory viral infections including novel Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19): A scoping review
Author(s) -
Vadakedath Sabitha,
Kandi Venkataramana,
Mohapatra Ranjan K.,
Pinnelli Venkata B. K.,
Yegurla Richa R.,
Shahapur Praveen R.,
Godishala Vikram,
Natesan Senthilkumar,
Vora Kranti S.,
Sharun Khan,
Tiwari Ruchi,
Bilal Muhammad,
Dhama Kuldeep
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.27081
Subject(s) - immune system , immunology , disease , coronavirus , immunity , biology , virus , antibody , population , respiratory system , inflammation , virology , medicine , covid-19 , infectious disease (medical specialty) , environmental health , anatomy
The human immune system is not adequately equipped to eliminate new microbes and could result in serious damage on first exposure. This is primarily attributed to the exaggerated immune response (inflammatory disease), which may prove detrimental to the host, as evidenced by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. From the experiences of Novel Coronavirus Disease‐19 to date, male patients are likely to suffer from high‐intensity inflammation and disease severity than the female population. Hormones are considered the significant pillars of sex differences responsible for the discrepancy in immune response exhibited by males and females. Females appear to be better equipped to counter invading respiratory viral pathogens, including the novel SARS‐CoV‐2, than males. It can be hypothesized that females are more shielded from disease severity, probably owing to the diverse action/influence of estrogen and other sex hormones on both cellular (thymus‐derived T lymphocytes) and humoral immunity (antibodies).