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HIV‐1 subtypes and drug resistance in children during antiretroviral therapy in Brazil
Author(s) -
Andrade Arrais Claudia R.,
Lima Kledoaldo,
Barreiros Marta,
Rodrigues Jessyca K. F.,
Sousa Nilviane P. S.,
Costa Daniel D.,
Santos Francisco D. R. P.,
Pereira Gerson F. M.,
Silva Viana Antonia I.,
Barros Allan K.,
Leal Élcio
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.26988
Subject(s) - nevirapine , resistance mutation , virology , abacavir , efavirenz , reverse transcriptase , lamivudine , emtricitabine , drug resistance , reverse transcriptase inhibitor , biology , medicine , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , viral load , antiretroviral therapy , virus , genetics , polymerase chain reaction , hepatitis b virus , gene
We evaluate the genetic characterization of 132 HIV‐1 pol sequences from children and adolescents undergoing antiretroviral therapy in Northeast Brazil. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses were performed using the maximum likelihood method using SeaView version 4 and SIMPLOT software. Most individuals harbored HIV‐1 B (84.8%) and BF recombinants (9.8%), although other non‐B subtypes were detected: HIV‐1 C (1.5%), HIV‐1 F (2.4%), and BC recombinants (1.5%). Antiretroviral resistance was 47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 38.7%–55.4%). Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) showed higher frequencies of primary mutations, with 40.9% (95% CI: 32.9%–49.4%), followed by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and protease inhibitors (PIs) with 34.8% (95% CI: 27.3–43.3) and 6.1% (95% CI: 3.1%–11.5%), respectively. Among NRTIs, higher resistance levels were observed for abacavir, emtricitabine, and lamivudine; for NNRTI, nevirapine and efavirenz. The most common primary mutations found were M184V (29.5%), K103N (25%), M41L (9.8%), T215Y (8.3%), and G190A (8.3%). Our findings highlight the importance of surveillance of resistance mutations, which contributes to the continuous updating and implementation of preventive measures to decrease mother‐to‐child‐transmission and transmitted drug resistance.