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Evaluation of IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ cytokines in HIV/HHV‐8 coinfection
Author(s) -
Silva Dayvson Maurício da,
Gonçales Juliana Prado,
Silva Júnior José Valter Joaquim,
Lopes Thaísa Regina Rocha,
Bezerra Luan Araújo,
Barros de Lorena Virginia Maria,
Duarte Coêlho Maria Rosângela Cunha
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.26516
Subject(s) - primary effusion lymphoma , coinfection , immunology , cytokine , kaposi's sarcoma , medicine , interleukin , tumor necrosis factor alpha , immunopathology , virology , interferon gamma , lymphoma , interferon , immune system , virus , human herpesvirus
Imbalance in the immune response is one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of diseases related with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8) coinfection, such as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) and the Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). However, significant changes in pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine levels may be observed in HIV/HHV‐8 individuals who are negative for KS, PEL, MCD, and/or KICS. In this study, serum levels of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, tumor nucrosis factor α (TNF‐α) and interferon γ (IFN‐γ) were assessed in 69 HIV and 48 HIV/HHV‐8 individuals, all negatives for HHV‐8‐related diseases. The cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and analyzed by the Mann–Whitney test. The p < .05 and 95% confidence interval were considered in all analyzes. IL‐4 ( p = .0155), IL‐6 ( p = .0036), and IL‐10 ( p = .0036) levels were significantly higher in HIV/HHV‐8 patients than in the HIV group. On the other hand, IL‐2 ( p = .2295), TNF‐α ( p = .1216) and IFN‐γ ( p = .1178) did not differ between the groups analyzed. To our knowledge, to date, this is the first report on significant differences in the levels of IL‐4 and IL‐6 in HIV versus HIV/HHV‐8 individuals. Finally, these early findings are important as a prognostic tool and contribute to clarifying the HHV‐8‐host interaction.