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Analyses of HIV‐1 integrase gene sequences among treatment‐naive patients in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Author(s) -
Onoriode Digban Tennison,
Chucks Iweriebor Benson,
Chikwelu Obi Larry,
Nwodo Uchechuwku,
Ifeanyi Okoh Anthony
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.25661
Subject(s) - integrase , integrase inhibitor , drug resistance , virology , resistance mutation , mutation , biology , phylogenetic tree , genetics , gene , dolutegravir , gene mutation , polymerase chain reaction , virus , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , reverse transcriptase , antiretroviral therapy , viral load
Drug resistance has been recognized in all available therapeutic class of medications for the management of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infected patients. This makes the continuous study of HIV drug resistance and new treatment options pertinent to patients and researchers globally. The aim of this study is to analyze the complete HIV‐1 integrase gene for the possible occurrence of resistance mutations or polymorphisms. We performed genetic analyses on 48 treatment‐naive HIV‐1‐infected patients using nested polymerase chain reaction. Integrase drug‐related resistance mutation (DRMs) analysis was performed on all generated sequences according to Stanford HIV drug interpretation program and the International AIDS Society‐USA guidelines while phylogenetic analysis was inferred using MEGA 6. The study revealed no major resistance‐associated mutation. However, E157Q (2.1%), L74M/I (4.2%), and P142T (2.1%) were the observed accessory and polymorphic mutations. Naturally occurring polymorphism observed were E11D, K14R, D25E, V31I, M50I, V72I, P90T, F100Y, L101I, T124A, T125A, K136Q, D167E, V201I, L234I, A265V, A269K, D278A, and S283G. Phylogenetic analysis delineated all the sequences as HIV‐1 subtype C. The study revealed the absence of major integrase inhibitors associated resistance mutations in a setting where integrase inhibitor is administered as salvage therapy in patients developing resistance to first and second‐line antiretroviral treatment. However minor and natural polymorphisms were observed and thus may influence the outcome of each treatment regimen. However, additional studies are required to precisely evaluate the impact of these mutations on integrase inhibitors in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.