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Emergence of uncommon HIV‐1 non‐B subtypes and circulating recombinant forms and trends in transmission of antiretroviral drug resistance in patients with primary infection during the 2013‐2015 period in Marseille, Southeastern France
Author(s) -
Tamalet Catherine,
TissotDupont Hervé,
Motte Anne,
Tourrès Christian,
Dhiver Catherine,
Ravaux Isabelle,
PoizotMartin Isabelle,
Dieng Thérèse,
Tomei Christelle,
Bregigeon Sylvie,
ZaegelFaucher Olivia,
Laroche Hélène,
Aherfi Sarah,
Mokhtari Saadia,
Chaudet Hervé,
Ménard Amelie,
Brouqui Philippe,
Stein Andreas,
Colson Philippe
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.25228
Subject(s) - virology , etravirine , reverse transcriptase , transmission (telecommunications) , drug resistance , rilpivirine , biology , recombinant dna , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , medicine , viral load , polymerase chain reaction , antiretroviral therapy , gene , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , electrical engineering , engineering
Primary HIV‐1 infections (PHI) with non‐B subtypes are increasing in developed countries while transmission of HIV‐1 harboring antiretroviral resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs) remains a concern. This study assessed non‐B HIV‐1 subtypes and RAMs prevalence among patients with PHI in university hospitals of Marseille, Southeastern France, in 2005‐2015 (11 years). HIV‐1 sequences were obtained by in‐house protocols from 115 patients with PHI, including 38 for the 2013‐2015 period. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis of the reverse transcriptase region, non‐B subtypes were identified in 31% of these patients. They included 3 different subtypes (3A, 1C, 4F), 23 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) (CRF02_AG, best BLAST hits being CRF 36_cpx and CRF30 in 7 and 1 cases, respectively), and 5 unclassified sequences (U). Non‐B subtypes proportion increased significantly, particularly in 2011‐2013 vs in 2005‐2010 ( P = .03). CRF02_AG viruses largely predominated in 2005‐2013 whereas atypical strains more difficult to classify and undetermined recombinants emerged recently (2014‐2015). The prevalence of protease, nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase, and first‐generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors–associated RAMs were 1.7% (World Health Organization [WHO] list, 2009/2.6% International AIDS Society [IAS] list, 2017), 5.2%/4.3%, and 5.2%/5.2%, respectively. Etravirine/rilpivirine‐associated RAM (IAS) prevalence was 4.3%. Men who have sex with men (MSM) were more frequently infected with drug‐resistant viruses than other patients (26% vs 7%; P = .011). The recent increase of these rare HIV‐1 strains and the spread of drug‐resistant HIV‐1 among MSM in Southeastern France might be considered when implementing prevention strategies and starting therapies.