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Risk factors for genital human papillomavirus among men in Tanzania
Author(s) -
Olesen Tina Bech,
Mwaiselage Julius,
Iftner Thomas,
Kahesa Crispin,
Rasch Vibeke,
Frederiksen Kirsten,
Munk Christian,
Kjaer Susanne K.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.24627
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , tanzania , odds , demography , risk factor , logistic regression , overweight , cross sectional study , gynecology , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , immunology , obesity , environmental science , environmental planning , pathology , sociology
The objective of the study was to assess risk factors for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among men in Tanzania, both overall and in relation to HIV status. In a cross‐sectional study conducted among 1,813 men in Tanzania, penile swabs were tested for HPV using Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2). Study participants were offered HIV testing. Risk factors for HPV (HC2 high‐risk and/or low‐risk positivity) were assessed using logistic regression with adjustment for age, lifetime number of sexual partners, and HIV status. Altogether, 372 men (20.5%) were HPV‐positive. Among men tested for HIV (n = 1,483), the HIV prevalence was 9.4%. The odds ratio (OR) of HPV increased with increasing age. HIV‐positivity was associated with an increased odds ratio of HPV (OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.30–2.82), whereas the odds of HPV tended to be lower in circumcised men than in uncircumcised men (OR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.54–1.09). When stratifying by HIV status, we found lower odds of HPV in overweight HIV‐positive men (BMI > 25) than in normal weight HIV‐positive men (OR = 0.25; 95%CI: 0.08–0.78). This did not apply to HIV‐negative men. Circumcision tended to decrease the odds of HPV both in HIV‐positive men and in HIV‐negative men, although not being statistically significant. In conclusion, HIV is a strong risk factor for HPV among men in Tanzania. Additionally, in HIV‐positive men a high BMI seems to be associated with a lower risk of HPV. Finally, we observed a tendency toward a lower risk of HPV both among HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative circumcised men compared to their uncircumcised counterparts. J. Med. Virol. 89:345–351, 2017 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.