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Long‐term viral shedding and viral genome mutation in norovirus infection
Author(s) -
Miyoshi Tatsuya,
Uchino Kiyoko,
Yoshida Hisayoshi,
Motomura Kazushi,
Takeda Naokazu,
Matsuura Yoshiharu,
Tanaka Tomoyuki
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.24242
Subject(s) - viral shedding , norovirus , virology , outbreak , biology , mutation , capsid , viral evolution , epitope , caliciviridae , silent mutation , virus , genome , genetics , antibody , gene , missense mutation
The duration of viral shedding in the patients from two outbreaks and four sporadic cases of norovirus (NoV) infections was investigated. The longest period of viral shedding into feces was for 173 days in an inpatient from one case of outbreak. The VP1 sequence from two long‐term viral shedding cases in the outbreak revealed four synonymous and one non‐synonymous mutations in one inpatient at 26 days from the onset of illness, and nine synonymous and two non‐synonymous mutations and a deletion, 10 synonymous mutations and a deletion in other inpatient at 29 days and 54 days from the onset of illness, respectively. Ten of the 11 amino acid positions detected in these two inpatients were in the outermost P2 domain of the viral capsid protein, and mutations at positions 295, 297, and 394 were shared in the inpatients. Mutations in the P2 domain were in epitopes A and D or near epitopes A, C, and E, suggesting that the long‐term carrier state of norovirus infection contributes to the generation of escape mutants by host immunoselection. J. Med. Virol. 87:1872–1880, 2015 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.