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HIV‐1 primary and secondary antiretroviral drug resistance and genetic diversity among pregnant women from central Brazil
Author(s) -
Cardoso Ludimila Paula Vaz,
Pereira Gisner Alves Souza,
Viegas Ângela Alves,
Schmaltz Luiza Emylce Pelá Rosado,
Stefani Mariane Martins de Araújo
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.21722
Subject(s) - virology , heteroduplex , drug resistance , gene , phylogenetic tree , biology , lentivirus , genetic diversity , reverse transcriptase , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , medicine , genetics , polymerase chain reaction , viral disease , population , environmental health
Antiretroviral (ARV) resistance mutations in HIV‐1 may reduce the efficacy of prophylactic therapy to mother‐to‐child transmission and impact future treatment options. ARV resistance mutations and HIV‐1 phylogenetic diversity in protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes were assessed among 77 pregnant women (35 naïve, 42 treated with ARV) from Goiânia/Goiás, central west Brazil. ARV mutations in PR/RT genes were analyzed against the Stanford Database, PR/RT HIV‐1 subtypes were assigned by phylogenetic analysis and env / gag subtypes were identified by heteroduplex mobility analysis (HMA). Naïve patients had accessory mutations in the PR gene [A71T (1/6), L10V (2/6), L10I (3/6)] and in the RT gene [V118I (2/6), V179D (1/6), V106I (1/6), K101Q (1/6), H221Y (1/6)]. Seven patients (16.7%) under ARV presented drug resistance mutations, one of them to three ARV classes. Most isolates (67.5%) were subtype B, 11.7% subtype F1 and 3.9% subtype C. Recombinant B PR /F1 RT viruses represented 10.4% while F1 PR /B RT viruses made up 6.5%. HIV‐1 envgag /PRRT genes were identified as 66.2% subtype B, 3.9% subtype C, 6.5% subtype F1 and approximately 25% B and F1 viruses. HIV‐1 genetic diversity in envgag /PRRT genes indicates the spread and dissemination of BF1 recombinant viruses among a significant proportion of patients from central west Brazil. Moreover, discovery of HIV‐1 secondary resistance among a considerable number of pregnant women under ARV therapy indicates the importance of genotypic testing during pregnancy for optimal prophylactic intervention. J. Med. Virol. 82:351–357, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.