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High prevalence of non‐B HIV‐1 subtypes in seamen and their sexual partners in Croatia
Author(s) -
RamirezPiedad Martha Kathleen,
Lepej Snježana Židovec,
Yerly Sabine,
Begovac Josip
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.21433
Subject(s) - intravenous drug , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , medicine , heterosexuality , virology , demography , homosexuality , viral disease , psychology , sociology , psychoanalysis
Abstract Travel influences the spread of non‐B subtypes of HIV in Europe. The aim of this study was to assess whether the spread of non‐B subtypes occurred in Croatia, a country with a low level HIV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the reverse transcriptase and protease genes was undertaken in 145 Croatian patients with the following risks for HIV‐infection: men who have sex with men (n = 64), heterosexual contact (n = 54), intravenous drug use (n = 21), bisexual contact (n = 4) and intravenous drug use plus heterosexual exposure (n = 2). The sample included 25 seamen and 13 steady female sexual partners of seamen. Overall, 38 (26%) of HIV‐patients were infected with non‐B subtypes. Non‐B subtype infections were found only in patients with a possible heterosexual exposure. Non‐B infections were most frequent in seamen and their regular female partners (in 27 of 38 seamen and their partners, 71%). The relative distribution of non‐B subtypes was as follows: A, 8%; C, 26%; F, 3%; CRF01_AE, 8%; CRF02_AG, 34%; CRF05_DF, 5%; CRF06_cpx, 3%; CRF10_CD 8%; and subtype U, 5%. There were altogether 19 heterosexual couples, phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the paired samples were related in all cases. Non‐B subtypes were found only in individuals with a heterosexual risk, mainly in seamen and their partners. J. Med. Virol. 81:573–577, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.