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Genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 in Bahia state, Northeast, Brazil: High diversity of HIV genotypes
Author(s) -
Monteiro Joana Paixão,
Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior,
de Oliveira Tulio,
Oliveira Antonio Marcos,
Melo Marco Antônio Gomes,
Brites Carlos,
GalvãoCastro Bernardo
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of medical virology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.782
H-Index - 121
eISSN - 1096-9071
pISSN - 0146-6615
DOI - 10.1002/jmv.21414
Subject(s) - heteroduplex , genotype , recombinant dna , virology , biology , phylogenetic tree , genetic diversity , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , genetic variability , lentivirus , virus , breakpoint , viral disease , genetics , gene , medicine , population , chromosomal translocation , environmental health
The HIV‐1 genetic variability in Bahia state, Brazil, was investigated. DNA samples from 229 and 213 HIV‐1‐infected individuals were analyzed using the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) in gag and env fragments, respectively. One hundred seventy‐five samples were characterized in both genes. Thirty‐two subtype F and BF recombinant viruses were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic methods. The combination of HMA and sequencing results showed that seven different HIV‐1 genotypes comprised this sample: 147 (84%) B/B, 4 (2.3%) F/F, 3 (1.7%) B/F, 1 (0.6%) F/B, 1 (0.6%) F/D, 1 (0.6%) BF/F, and 18 (10.3%) BF/B. A significant divergence was observed between these two techniques results (84.4%). This is explained by the low accuracy of the HMA for detecting recombinant viruses. These recombinants were unrelated to CRF12, while two sequences were related to CRF28 and CRF29. Nineteen BF mosaics shared the same gag breakpoint. In conclusion, the use of HMA may be inappropriate in regions where different subtypes are co‐circulating. Subtype B is the most common genotype, however, an increased prevalence (13.1%) of different BF variants and a potentially new CRF suggest that recombination is occurring frequently in Bahia. These viruses were associated with women infected heterosexually. Finally, this study identified the presence of an F/D recombinant HIV‐1 in Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 81:391–399, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.